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Common Threads in George Orwells 1984 and Todays...

Common Threads in George Orwells 1984 and Todays Society Big Brother is Watching You(Orwell 5). This simple phrase has become the cornerstone of the conspiracy theorists dialog. George Orwell may have writing a cautionary novel with 1984, but there is little possibility that he could have foreseen how close to reality his novel would truly become. In the past 50 years, the world has become a much more dangerous place. Along with this danger has come a call for governments to do more to protect their citizens. This Protection has changed over the years, but it has become more and more invasive in order to protect the populations from various threats. Orwell introduces the reader to a future where the government monitors†¦show more content†¦There is no explicit protection of what we do on the Internet or any data or information we view, share, or use. Of course, the FBI, CIA, NSA and HSA are not continually monitoring every citizen, but in Orwells 1984, the Thought Police were not always watching their Telescreens either. Orwells eerie foresight only continues when Winston notices a Police Patrol helicopter darting from window to window, looking into peoples windows. This type of surveillance in clearly illegal today, and would be noticed immediately, but in the last 50 years, satellites and unmanned drone aircraft have taken over the fictional role of the Police Patrols. Public satellites that are 10 to 15 years old currently can produce digital images with 1-meter resolution. Military satellites can supposedly produce images with 10-centimeter resolution, meaning that `Big Brother could theoretically follow you from your house to your work to a restaurant and home again without you even knowing you were being watched. This type of surveillance is most likely being used mostly overseas, and not on Americans, but its mere existence should be a clear signal to us that our age has not avoided the surveillance pitfalls of 1984. One very disturbing aspect of 1984 is the Spies. This isShow MoreRelatedCritics of Novel 1984 by George Orwell14914 Words   |  60 Pages1984 In George Orwells 1984, Winston Smith wrestles with oppression in Oceania, a place where the Party scrutinizes human actions with ever-watchful Big Brother. Defying a ban on individuality, Winston dares to express his thoughts in a diary and pursues a relationship with Julia. These criminal deeds bring Winston into the eye of the opposition, who then must reform the nonconformist. George Orwells 1984 introduced the watchwords for life without freedom: BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU. WrittenRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmachine Level 3: ‘Get the structure and systems right so that all is in balance’ Level 4: ‘The machine is alive! – well, almost’ How modernist organization theory underpins conventional understandings of the relationship between organizations and society Is bureaucracy immoral? Form fits function: how modernist organizational theory challenges the relationship between individuals, groups and the organization through bureaucracy and hierarchy The virtuous bureaucracy Modernist themes in organizational

American Revolution Free Essays

This lecture examines the American Revolution from a broad perspective. The best part about her lecture is that she breaks it down into five easy steps to understand, and for her being a professor at Yale she probably is one of the top favorite teachers Just because of how easy she breaks her lectures down. Freeman relates herself to one of the Founders, John Adams, because he wasn’t up to the status quo of every other Founder as she states it. We will write a custom essay sample on American Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now John was humorous and blunt, but serious and revealing, and that’s how she is in her lectures. Professor Joanne Freeman is a very intelligent woman that likes to see her students succeed in such a long and very detailed class. Freeman’s video starts off by unraveling her plan for the class, and predicts what she thinks her students thoughts are about the American Revolution. Joanne explains how in high school all that was mainly stressed about the American Revolution was the Declaration of Independence and George Washington, Paul Revere, and Just a â€Å"bunch of battles†. Freeman makes it clear to the students to be aware and get passed what you’ve been taught earlier in your life, and she breaks it down into five simple and comprehensive tips to help understand the Revolution and Just piece it altogether. The first tip that Freeman lectures about is by avoiding thinking about the Revolution in terms of a series of facts and dates, in her terms â€Å"a fact bubble. † (Freeman). In greater detail Freeman means that a lot of dates are involved with the Revolution and some are more important than others, and some are Just a string of facts that are there to explain the outcomes that occurred. Like the outcomes that occurred there was a word that disgusted the Founders of that time period, so tip number two is words like democracy, liberty and freedom, aren’t all that they seem to be. Democracy has little to no meaning in the colonial era, but you have to understand the subtle ways this was a moment of defining terms and transformation. † (Freeman). In greater detail Joanne tells the students to think about the meaning of words, not to Just read the definitions, but also to not assume about the words and how they describe the event because they could’ve meant something completely different now than what they did back then. An example of one of the many words that were brought up around the American Revolution era is democracy. The professor says that â€Å"democracy is a good thing to us now, but not ace then. † Especially Alexander Hamilton, she reads a quote from him and he states democracy as chaos, a disease in fact, and being a Founder it was part of the status quo. Speaking of The Founders, tip three from Freeman is: think of the â€Å"Founders† as real people rather than a mystical historic figure. In easier ways to understand, what Joanne means is that the Founders were normal people, she expressed that we tend to forget that they were people not deem-gods walking around with their chest and head held high. The professor also stressed about not getting caught up on trying to dead the way they spoke, reading and listening to their language from their era sounds more intelligent and inspiring than it really is. A big point that was brought to the student’s attention was the breakdown of looking over the opposing points and putting them together like a puzzle to better understand how it all happened and why. The fourth tip from Freeman was â€Å"remembering the Founders aren’t the only people who made the Revolution. An easier way to understand this is to know that the Founders weren’t men that were dressed up to have a quiet conversation. The Revolution was a popular uprising by a vast amount of colonists fought on American ground by all kinds of Americans. The Founders aren’t the only ones who mattered, the Revolution grounded on the ideas and beliefs of the people throughout many levels of society. Last but not least the fifth tip is remembering the importance of historical contingency and that anything could’ve happened during the Revolution and the outcome wasn’t inevitable. The way Freeman explains this tip is that a lot of people assume too much of what went on about the colonists, and that it’s important to know body knew what was going to happen in that era because if they did it would’ve probably been much more dramatic. Professor Joanne Freeman does a great Job of presenting the logic behind the decisions of the day and the feelings of the people and she doesn’t spend a lot of time on dates and facts. Also, to be able to take out the preconceived notions out of the way and to view what happened, and to understand nothing was certain throughout the American Revolution are an eye opener. References Professor Joanne Freeman: Five Tips for Studying the American Revolution. Peer. Joanne Freeman. Web. How to cite American Revolution, Papers American Revolution Free Essays Between 1760 and 1800 the thirteen colonies rejected the British Monarchy and became the sovereign United States of America, The American revolution is a term used to describe the events that occurred during this time of political turmoil. It was characterized by a number of new social and intellectual ideals that lead to many debates and eventually formed the core values of the United States. This essay will discuss how the revolution affected women, African Americans and working class whites. We will write a custom essay sample on American Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before and after the American Revolution the concept of mothers instilling values of republicanism in children gave them the identity of the â€Å"Republican Motherhood. † They would encourage their children to uphold the ideas of liberty and their daughters were held responsible of bringing these values to the next generation. This new role allowed a greater number of women to be educated. They also contributed by using ordinary domestic behaviors to influence the war. They boycotted British goods, spied on them, cared for the soldiers, followed armies into battle and cared for families (Berkin, 2006). When speaking about slaves the British would often exploit fear of slave revolts to lower support of the colonists. Though the colonists refuted these claims the British continued making them and in order to still their calls of hypocrisy regarding the rights of those slaves, they abolished slavery altogether in all the northern territories by 1804 freeing their children. The southern states however upheld the slavery laws (Davis p. 148-150, 2006). Additionally the working/poor class situated mainly in the south gained great power after the American Revolution due to their sheer numbers. This allowed them to not only control congress and the Supreme Court. Eventually certain citizens from the south also became president (Heer, 2008). References Berkin, C. (2006). Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence. New York: Vintage . Davis, D. B. (2006). Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World p. 148-150. New York: Oxford University Press. Heer, J. (2008, March 24). The American Revolution: A Mistake? Retrieved May 20, 2009, from Word Press: http://sanseverything. wordpress. com/2008/03/24/the-american-revolution-a-mistake/ How to cite American Revolution, Papers American Revolution Free Essays The phrase â€Å"no taxation without representation† was used in Boston but no one is sure who first used it. Boston politician James Otis was famously associated with the phrase â€Å"taxation without representation is tyranny. † The British Parliament had controlled colonial trade and taxed imports and exports, and the Americans have been deprived of a right. We will write a custom essay sample on American Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now The English Bill of Rights written in 1689 had forbidden the imposition of taxes without the consent of Parliament. Since the colonists had no representation in Parliament the taxes violated the guaranteed Rights of Englishmen. Parliament said that the colonist had â€Å"virtual representation. † George Greenville defended all the taxes by arguing that the colonist were virtually represented in Parliament. William Pitt, a defender of colonial rights, ridiculed virtual representation. However Parliament rejected criticism of the concept and the passed the Declaratory Act in 1766, stating the right of Parliament to legislate for the colonies in all cases. Americans such as Joseph Galloway debated and circulated plans for the creation of a representative of British Parliament or imperial powers that was to consist of American and British members of Parliament. Despite the facts these ideas were debated and discussed seriously no demand for this development was made.The Americans rejected the Stamp Act of 1765, violently rejected the remaining tax on tea imports, under the Tea Act, at the Boston Tea Party. When the British then used the military to enforce laws the colonist believed Parliament had passed illegally. The colonist responded by forming militias and seized political control of each colony, ousting the Royal governors. The British finally passed a law in 1775 which ended taxation for any colony. Americans possess all the rights of the Englishmen, and the principle of â€Å"no taxation without representation† was an essential part of the British Constitution. How to cite American Revolution, Papers

Debate Best Way to Management

Question: Write theDebatefor Best Way to Management. Answer: Introduction This study aims to discussion on the statement There is only one best way to manage. The discussion is done in support as well as against the statement. Proper justifications are given to support the arguments in the discussion. At the same time, several examples are used for better understanding of the topic. At the end of the discussion a conclusion is derived by considering the findings of the discussion and the conclusion is made with proper justification. Discussion Management is the backbone of any business organization. Schoenberg (2016) stated that management is important because it helps to operate the business in a systematic manner. In the words of Pacleb and Bocarnea (2016), a business organization requires to manage its business operations in a particular way because with the help of single way the companies can control the overall business operations properly. In support of this Filatova, Filatov and Semenova (2016) noted that it becomes easier to organize the production and operational systems if the companies apply one way to manage the business operations. For example, if a company implements the standardized production system in the company to manage the business, then it can properly concentrate on the volume and standard of the product. This helps the company enhancing its product and service quality. However, in this context, Appelbaum et al. (2015) argued that there are many companies where the production is dependent on the mental strength and creativity of the employees and in that cases, if the company focus on volume of production, then the quality of the product or service might be hampered. For example, in the handicraft products manufacturing companies the quality of the products depends on the creativity and there cannot be any particular time limit to complete the production of a particular product. In such cases, company must change its management style or way as per the situation. In support of this argument, Mullins and Schoar (2016) mentioned that the performance of a business organization also depends on the working environment of the company. For example, if a company suffers from internal conflicting situation, then it can hamper the performance standard of its employees. In this type of situation, the management of the company must try to manage the situation in such a way, which is most suitable for that particular situation. This can be better understood with the help of another example. A company is following autocratic leadership style for last 10 years and it has not faced any difficulties in the past days. However, currently, the employees in the company are more conscious about their rights and dignity (Slaats et al. 2015). Therefore, if the company continues with the same leadership style, then it may create huge problem between management and the employees, which negatively affects the performance standard of the company. However, on the contrary, Collenbusch et al. (2015) stated that if the companies do not implement a particular method for managing the business operations, then it cannot set the efficiency standard for its employees. In order to improve the efficiency standard of the employees, the companies must set a particular way of improvement. If the company changes the improvement styles, then it will be very complicated for the managers or the leaders to manage the employees. Boakye and Liu (2015) argued that the way of managing efficient employees and inefficient employees must be different. In case of efficient employees, the management requires to put less effort, which is not applicable for the inefficient employees. According to Pacleb and Bocarnea (2016), one particular way is required for the mass production in a organization. For example, in Toyota, the management follows the JIT technique for managing the production and operational systems. This particular technique helps to enhance the operational efficiency. In support, Schoenberg (2016) commented that if there is one particular management technique, then employees can also understand that properly and it becomes easier for them to identify what they need to do and how they can do that, but if the company changes its management techniques again and again, then the employees may get confused. Oppose to this Mullins and Schoar (2016) suggested that the management style of the companies must be as per the quality of the employees of it. If the employees like friendly management style, then manager must manage the business in friendly way, but if the employees are comfortable with more pressure and commanding management style, then the company may use that (Pacleb and Bocarnea 2016). On the contrary, Filatova, Filatov and Semenova (2016) noted that in todays business context, most of the large business organizations depend on machineries and so the management style in those organizations are of particular style. They do not prefer to change their management styles and the success level of them is enough to understand the importance of one particular style of management. However, Boakye and Liu (2015) believed that the management style within a company must be flexible enough because one particular management style can be boring for the employees. Moreover, a particular management style can hamper the flexibility of the employees. This is very problematic in any urgent situation (Collenbusch et al. 2015). For example, in an organization, the employees are habituated with the management style of the current manager. Now, if the manager of the company is replaced by any other manager and the management style of the second manager is different from the previous manag er, then the employees will face problem to cope up with the management style of the second manager (Mullins and Schoar 2016). This is not good for any company. Bodolica, Spraggon and Zaidi (2015) mentioned that at the current business world, human resource is one of the most important elements of the business organizations. Wells-Lepley, Thelen and Swanberg (2015) added that every manger must focus on the employees or human resource of the company because it is the efficiency of the employees that can bring success to the organization. Therefore, management style of the companies must be changed with the change in the types of employees. At the same time, the management style of the companies must be changed with the change in the business process of the company. Conclusion In the above discussion, it has been identified that in some of the companies one particular management style or one way of management has performed well. Many people have supported the implementation of one particular management style. However, in the recent days, business world is dynamic enough. Due to this, implementation of one particular management style is not effective in todays context rather it may bring problems to the companies. The study has identified that the use of one way of management can hamper the performance standard of the employees within the organization. Moreover, many researchers have also mentioned that the management style of the business organizations must be changed as per the changes in the business process. The working environment is another important factor that must be considered while selecting the management style of the company. The management style must be changed with the changes in the working environment. Moreover, the companies must concentrate on the human resource or the employees of them. Therefore, from the entire discussion, it can be said that there cannot be any one best way to manage. The way to manage the organization must be changed for the better performance as well as for the better future of the company. Reference List: Appelbaum, S.H., Degbe, M.C., MacDonald, O. and Nguyen-Quang, T.S., 2015. Organizational outcomes of leadership style and resistance to change (Part One).Industrial and Commercial Training,47(2), pp.73-80. Boakye, L.G. and Liu, L., 2015. Governance of tomorrows international development projects (IDPs): flexible or rigid?.The Journal of Modern Project Management,2(3). Bodolica, V., Spraggon, M. and Zaidi, S., 2015. Boundary management strategies for governing family firms: A UAE-based case study.Journal of Business Research,68(3), pp.684-693. Collenbusch, D., Sauter, A., Tastekil, I. and Uslu, D., 2015. Experiencing adaptive case management capabilities with Cognoscenti.DEC,15, pp.25-26. Filatova, O., Filatov, V. and Semenova, A., 2016. The influence of a management style on the psychological mental bornout of municipal services employees. Mullins, W. and Schoar, A., 2016. How do CEOs see their roles? Management philosophies and styles in family and non-family firms.Journal of Financial Economics,119(1), pp.24-43. Pacleb, T.G. and Bocarnea, M.C., 2016. The Relationship between Leadership Styles, Leader Communication Style, and Impact on LeaderMember Exchange Relationship within the Banking Sector in the United States. InChallenges, Performances and Tendencies in Organisation Management(pp. 275-287). World Scientific. Schoenberg, R., 2016. 7 European Cross-border AcquisitionsThe Impact of Management Style.International Business and Europe in Transition, p.122. Slaats, T., Hildebrandt, T.T., Carbone, M. and Vlzer, H., 2015.Flexible process notations for cross-organizational case management systems(Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. dissertation, IT University of Copenhagen). Wells-Lepley, M., Thelen, L.A. and Swanberg, J., 2015. Supervisors use of flexibility as a strategic management tool: Prevalence and predictors.The Psychologist-Manager Journal,18(1), p.31.

The Music Industry

The Many Uses of Carbon Fiber

The Many Uses of Carbon Fiber In fiber reinforced composites, fiberglass is the workhorse of the industry. It is used in many applications and is very  competitive  with traditional materials such as wood, metal, and concrete. ​Fiberglass products are strong, lightweight, non-conductive, and the raw material costs of fiberglass are very low. In applications where there is a premium for increased strength, lower weight, or for cosmetics, then other more expensive reinforcing fibers are used in the FRP composite. Aramid fiber, such as DuPonts Kevlar, is used in an application that requires the high tensile strength which aramid provides. An example of this is body and vehicle armor, where layers of aramid reinforced composite can stop high powered rifle rounds, due in part to the high tensile strength of the fibers. Carbon fibers are used where low weight, high stiffness, high conductivity, or where the look of the carbon fiber weave desired. Carbon Fiber In Aerospace Aerospace and space were some of the first industries to adopt carbon fiber. The high modulus of carbon fiber makes it  suitable  structurally to replace alloys such as aluminum and titanium. The weight savings carbon fiber provides is the primary reason carbon fiber has been adopted by the aerospace industry. Every pound of weight savings can make a serious difference in fuel consumption, which is why Boeings new 787 Dreamliner has been the best-selling  passenger  plane in history. The majority of this planes structure is carbon fiber reinforced composites. Sporting Goods Recreational sports is another market segment which is more than willing to pay more for higher performance. Tennis rackets, golf clubs, softball bats, hockey sticks, and archery arrows and bows are all products commonly manufactured with carbon fiber reinforced composites. Lighter weight equipment without compromising strength is a distinct advantage in sports. For example, with a lighter weight tennis racket, one can get much faster racket speed, and ultimately, hit the ball harder and faster. Athletes continue to push for an advantage in equipment. This is why serious  bicyclists ride all carbon fiber bikes and use bicycle shoes that use carbon fiber. Wind Turbine Blades Although the majority of wind turbine blades uses fiberglass, on large blades (often over 150 ft in length) include a spare, which is a stiffening rib that runs the length of the blade. These components are often 100% carbon, and as thick as a few inches at the root of the blade. Carbon fiber is used to provide the  necessary  stiffness, without adding a tremendous amount of weight. This is important because the lighter a wind turbine blade is, the more efficient it is at creating  electricity. Automotive Mass-produced automobiles are not yet adopting carbon fiber; this is because of the increased raw material cost and  necessary  changes in tooling, still, outweighs the benefits. However, Formula 1, NASCAR, and high-end cars are using carbon fiber. In many cases, it is not because of the benefits of properties or weight, but because of the look. There are many aftermarket automotive parts being made out of carbon fiber, and instead of being painted, they are clear-coated. The distinct carbon fiber weave has become a symbol of hi-tech and hi-performance. In fact, it is common to see an aftermarket automotive component that is a single layer of carbon fiber but has multiple layers of fiberglass below to lower costs. This would be an example where the look of the carbon fiber is actually the deciding factor. Although these are some of the common uses of carbon fiber, many new applications are seen almost daily. The growth of carbon fiber is fast, and in just 5 years, this list will be much longer.

Information and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information and communication - Essay Example Within the last decade or so, the students are fast adapting to the different means and ways coming directly under the plagiarism circles. [Author Unknown, 2005] The people who are caught plagiarizing often give pretty stupid excuses but it is a reality that they do out of sheer timidity on their part. They are just not ready to surrender and commit themselves wholeheartedly towards a task, job or doing it in the most original manner that there could be. [Amodeo, 2005] Plagiarism has also increased due to the technological advancements happening almost on a daily basis. There are shortcuts available for plagiarizing text material from the Internet and almost anyone ca use these technological gadgets to suit their own motives. Students particularly use the Internet to copy-paste the material off the websites which have similar evidence of texts as well as take help from students who have already completed such assignments in the past. [Jonassen, 2004] This is a sheer form of plagiarism in the truest sense of the word and there is no exception to this rule all said and done. Another reason as to why people commit plagiarism is that they find it pretty easy to do and they believe they could run freely as no one is going to catch them and their work. Internet has become one of the major hurdles towards doing work in an original and authentic manner. A number of students worldwide resort to the sin of plagiarism courtesy the Internet and this has been going on for the last decade or so in the most blatant manner possible. Plagiarism proves to be a destructive force as far as their education and academics are concerned but somehow or the other they are just not ready to accept this notion. They believe that if work could be done quickly and without hassles, then what is the need of researching and going in depth? One more reason that could be credited on the shoulders of plagiarism is

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Report - Essay Example At the same time, dispersed fields created huge problems of optimal grazing resulting in weak cattle stock. Indeed, the overall disinclination to invest in land improvement had made medieval agriculture inefficient and low yielding. Clark believes that exogenous decline in interest rates were mainly due to lower cost of capital which during the medieval period was very high which discouraged improvements in cultivation techniques. The high interest rates, high investment cost of improvement due to reasons like dispersed holding, diseases cattle etc. had adversely impacted the yield. In late 18th and 19th century, emphasis was put on improvement techniques that resulted in higher yield and lower interest rates that made agriculture more attractive. They also used mineral manures to improve arability and fertility of soil that greatly contributed to improved productivity. Underground drainages were developed for better harvest. Thus, investment for improving the land arability hugely contributed to the reducing interest

Productivity Environmental Preference Survey Essay

Productivity Environmental Preference Survey - Essay Example The amount of sound and light in the learning or work environment can have a dramatic effect on the individual’s ability to learn in the environment and be productive. The temperature of the room also has a substantial effect on how an individual is able to process and assimilate information in a given circumstance. These factors can also have an impact on the individual’s motivation to learn and how they learn. Individual motivation can come from external or internal sources and is directly effected by the environmental conditions discussed above, such as lighting, temperature, noise levels, and other various distractions that may present themselves within the environment. Although these variables are all controllable, they are sometimes outside of the scope of the individual’s control and can diminish the individual’s desire to learn. Ensuring that the room is lit to the person’s tolerance levels, noise is kept to their particular preference, and that the room temperature is comfortable or that they have sufficient clothing to stay warm will all help to keep the person motivated and their productivity at a substantial level. References Lee, S. & Bozeman, B. (2005, October).

Buyer Behaviour To Fair Trade And Ethical Clothing Marketing Essay

Buyer Behaviour To Fair Trade And Ethical Clothing Marketing Essay Abstract Being an ethical consumer means buying products which were ethically produced and/or which are not harmful to the environment and society. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2001/feb/22/ethicalmoney1) In todays society, consumers are becoming far more aware of the law breaking and inexplicable exploitation of workers including young children in many of the factories across Europe and the World that produce clothing good that are sold all over the United Kingdom as well as many other countries. There is currently a massive gap in the market for a major player to come into and promote that they are using fair trade clothing, showing that they are an ethical business, which would almost definitely up there levels of custom. In effect, the consumers who choose to take their money to ethical businesses would rather purchase ethically manufactured goods rather than the alleged unethical products if the price isnt significantly more than the ethical one. In order to know this however, these consumers need to have appropriate information of the conditions and standards in which they were made before they get to the buying situation. With this only being a recent matter to come up in the c lothing industry coherent information is scarce and it is beginning to cause friction between consumers and businesses. So with issues to do with companies corporate social responsibilities being as big as they ever have been we wanted to know what local consumers felt. Introduction The intention of this report is to analyse and assess consumer behaviour when it comes to fair-trade and ethical clothing. The objective is to find out what consumers beliefs are, whether ethics has an impact on their clothing range, and why they would choose to wear what they do. This was achieved via the use of both secondary and primary research. The secondary analysis involved research using articles on fair-trade and ethical clothing and the appliance of appropriate buyer behaviour concepts and theories. The report will carefully examine, contrast and report on the characteristic decision making processes prone to be used by a particular target market for the purchase of fair trade clothing. This will entail the primary research in which 6 participants will be interviewed with questions regarding to consumer behaviour when it come to purchasing ethical clothing for self wear. Interviews were used as a method to find the qualitative research as they are far more reliable than que stionnaires. The participants are all from Leeds, they are all male and students and aged between the years of 18 and 25. The interviews didnt follow a particular format, as they were informal based, using a number of open and closed questions in an attempt to get honest and appropriate answers from the participants. Research and findings Many aspects of peoples lifestyles can affect the choices they make due to the opinions they form and the interests they have. Looking into somebodys lifestyle can help us develop in depth insights of their consumer behaviour. Some people only buy clothes for comfort, yet others opt to buy clothes as they are branded and they believe it will help them gain respect and a status amongst peers. These points were evident throughout all of the research. An example of it is from interview 3, when asked What aspect of clothing is most important to you? he replied Style and comfort are both important as you to look good but it has to be comfortable as well. This is showing that they wish to look good, yet also desire to feel comfortable. If you take Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (see figure 1 in appendix) and select the Esteem part of the pyramid, we found that this was an ever present issue with the sample with what they had to say. When asked What aspect of clothing is most important to you one participant replied Looks smart and another when asked If you were to wear it do you think your friends would be impressed (as regards to expensive clothing)? He replied with Yes. This shows consumers need to feel confident with themselves when it comes to what they are wearing. They also want to gain respect from others, and sense a feeling of achievement. It is assumed that family and friends will also have a huge influence on dress sense with students. All participants but one agreed with this. When asked Do family and peers tend to have a large influence on the clothes that consumers wear and purchase? one participant answered with yes, because youre constantly around them and they are your family and friends for a reason so you are more likely to have similar dress sense to fit in but everybody does have their own individuality even though you hang around with similar people who wear similar clothing to you. This is proof that you may choose to dress just to fit in amongst peers and family sometimes losing sight of you individualism. The one member of the sample who didnt agree with the above was the only participant from outside of the UK. He was from Eastern Europe. This bring up the topic of whether culture also determines opinions and choices. Culture is the lens through which people see their world. It is also a blueprint of human activity. (McCracken 1986). A Western Value is characterised by separateness in the sense of people being relatively independent and individualistic with the view of the self emphasising separateness, internal attributes and uniqueness of individuals. Non-Western cultures are more connected (interdependent and collective) and have the view of the self stressing connectedness, social context and relationships. This is evident from the way he went around answering specific questions. For example when asked what are your views on how ethically clothes are manufactured? he answered with I have no view, its not my business, which is showing that this topic doesnt really mean much to him . From this we can only assume that this is what the Easter European culture believes and that he is speaking on behalf of them. With most products and brands there is a system of meaning that comes along with them and it is more often than not culturally specific and shared, learned and transmitted through generations. If you look at The Semiotics Triad (see figure 2 in the appendix) we get a better idea of how to change cultural beliefs. If we can get it nailed in to their heads that there is a message behind Fair Trade, perhaps it shows how much you care for the welfare of producers, and let them know what the meaning of Fair Trade is, that you will be providing a better lifestyle for these producers if you purchase the goods, they may become more inclined into buying these Fair Trade goods. From the socio gram in figure 3 (see appendix) you can see that only the Eastern European participant was the only person who disagreed with the question of Does clothing show personality?. T o have any chance of overcoming this cultural difference business must promote all of the benefits that come along with purchasing fair trade clothing. They need to show just how it affects peoples livelihoods and that it isnt just happening in one area, its happening all over the world and everybody needs to do their part to make sure they exploitation is abolished. One of the ways in which this could be promoted and open up to the public is via the use of television advertisements, these would be effective in showing the problems and have the best chance of creating empathy amongst people no matter what culture they may be associated with. Another aspect that was apparent from the research is that consumers look to buy benefits rather than buy things. This was especially the case as the sample were all students and the need to save money yet still have a status and fit in whilst constantly gaining respect is apparent for all to see. When dealing with fair trade consumers can look at benefits in different ways. They can look at the benefits that will be received by the original manufacturers. Or consumers could view fair trade clothing as being more expensive then the benefit to them is not to buy it and go elsewhere therefore saving their self money purchasing a cheaper option. An example of this is, when asked Would you pay slightly more for fair trade clothing one participant replied Yes, however Im not prepared to empty my pockets. This brings up the myth of fair trade being too expensive. If you look at the Market Map (see figure 5 in the appendix) you can see that consumers believe that fair trade clothing is expe nsive to buy and the quality of it doesnt match the price, yet in actual truth the quality is just as good so this myth needs dealing with. The stereotypical mindset of a student is for them to seek the most economical option with clothing that is unless it is branded. This hampers their chances of purchasing fair trade clothes, as the perception is that they are more expensive and that it comes without a brand. If marketers can dig into this perception showing that the little added value is more than worth it and show that it isnt all that much more expensive they will be half way there in changing the perception of students towards it. You can see from figure 4 (in the appendix) that 2 of the participants said that knowing that the clothes were fair trade would not convince you to buy them. This shows that a majority of them would yet a third of them wont. Again one them being of a different culture and the other being British which could prove that is isnt only Eastern approaches yet, only one participant doesnt show that this is how Westerners may also feel. A topic that also occurred throughout is that of motivation. What is it that motivates students to buy the clothes they do. Different factors motivate different people, whether its: brand, price, comfort or style etc. If we look at David McClellands Need Based Motivational Model it suggests that there are three main motivators when purchasing goods. Some have the need for achievement, some have the need for authority and power, and others have a need for affiliation. Basically saying we purchase to get recognition and respect. One example of this is when asked Since being a student has your attitude towards clothing changed and if so how? one reply was Yes because I used to wear scruffy clothes where as now I am more self conscious of how I look, I would rather buy designer makes in order to fit in with friends. This shows just how people like to fit in within a group even if they may not genuinely like what they are doing. Another participant answered Yes I would when asked Would yo u buy an item of clothing just because its expensive?. This also backs up this model. Conclusion To conclude it is evident that more needs to be done to raise awareness of fair trade clothing to students. Figures show that in 2008 a total of  £77.9 was spent on fair trade cotton goods in the UK to drop to  £50.1 in 2009 (http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/what_is_fairtrade/facts_and_figures.aspx)so as well as students perhaps the whole country needs more awareness, however this drop is more than likely to be linked to the recession as luxuries such as fair trade goods will be put to the side by many consumers. However this drop could also be linked to a lack of repeat custom. Once somebody has purchased a fair trade piece of clothing they may feel they have done their bit and have no need to help out anymore. Also advertisement from companies who sell fair trade needs to be increased to give many consumers especially students more knowledge or where it is and how it is produced. Part B Discuss, citing several sources, the differences between the B2B and B2C buyers from the perspective of a sustainable marketer Although business to business buying and business to consumer buying are very similar in many ways, the marketing of the two has to be done in different manners. Buyers are individuals and many different subjects can influence one. Whether it is word of mouth, reputation of a business, or past custom. Business to Business can be described as Business that sells products or provides services to other businesses. (http://www.marketingterms.com/dictionary/b2b/). An example of this could be Heinz selling its ketchup goods to McDonalds. Business to business buyers are very intelligent with what they do. They understand everything to do with the products and/or service better than anybody else and they are able to continually purchase these products or services and still make sure that they are making a profit. Marketing copy must talk to a sophisticated audience. Taking this into account, business to business marketing needs to be of very high quality, looking for areas that perhaps the buyer wont previously have visited and opening them up to new education. Business to consumer can be described as Business that sells products or provides services to end-user consumers. (http://www.marketingterms.com/dictionary/b2c/). An example of this could be a retailer selling a pair of shoes to its customer. Business to consumer buyers are on the lookout for the best value for money deal and always tend to look around different places before making their mind up on who to purchase from. It is more personal then B2C as it is done on more of a one to one basis. One of the major issues that arises for business to consumer buyers is that of faith and trust. Even though you are able to purchase the same goods from more than one different source whether it be in the high street or on the internet if a consumer knows that they can trust a particular source it is more than likely they will get their repeat custom. Taking this into order, businesses to consumer marketing needs to shows the consumer all of the benefits that buying a product has and prove that they are a trustworthy firm. In business to consumer marketing it is most likely that there wont be much time to play with as consumers can purchase their goods in a split second. Consumers may not even need to view any of the marketing before they opt to buy, it may be word of mouth that convinces them maybe from a friend or member of family. However they may not even need this. Many people buy on impulse, there and then so marketers need to make sure their marketing is noticed therefore it needs to be aimed at the appropriate target in order for it to go noticed, via leaflets or advertisements whether they be on a billboard or television etc. When it comes to business to business buying this idea of impulse buying is scarce. There is normally a list of many things that all need to be ticked before the thought of purchasing even comes to mind. Thus the time is increased and marketers will have more time to play with in marketing their goods and services as B2B buyers need to take their time and make sure they are making the correct and most efficient decision. As well as it having far more time, there are also many more people involved within it. These range from directors to cleaners as everybody needs what is best for them in their role. With more time being available marketers can think of more coherent ways to get the consumers attention and convince them that their goods are better than their competitors. Another difference between B2B and B2C marketing is that the business to business needs to make sure they keep that chain of command in mind. They will have to make sure that all queries are sufficiently answered and there is nothing for potential buyers to believe that they are making a mistake in choosing them instead of others. For example, if you take the Head of I.T from a business, they may decide they want to upgrade all of their computer systems. In their mind they will be thinking of the best value for money supplier to buy from, they will want top quality software but at an affordable and realistic price. They may also want to receive perks for doing business with them. Although this Head may not be the person eligible to make the final decision it is more than likely that the decision maker will take advice from the head and trust them with their opinion. The decision maker will also look at other areas such as reputation of the supplier and speed of delivery etc so market ers need to make sure everything is covered. Another difference between the two is the overall value of a sale. The cost of the initial B2B sale is only half of it, the business then goes on to sell the products it purchased. Initial transactions can cost hundreds or thousands of pounds and it is more than likely that these products will be again sold on. Therefore the value over the lifetime of a product can span many years and add up to thousands, potentially millions of pounds. With B2C they are bought solely for the consumers benefit with them not looking at the possibility of selling the product on. Therefore only a one off payment is made and nothing else needs doing. However marketers should continually be trying new ways of keeping the consumer updated in an attempt to get repeat custom. Appendix Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

A Modern Synthesis of Science with Eastern Christianity Essay -- Philo

Introduction Since the dawn of consciousness, humans have strived to understand the world around them and their place in it. From the first naturalistic surveys of the flora and fauna of the earth painted on the rocky walls of fire-lit caves millennia ago to the enormously complex investigations into quantum physics ventured at today’s particle accelerators, human curiosity has known no bounds. By way of organizing the countless questions posed and answers sought, broad conceptions of "science," "reason," "philosophy," and "religion" have been created and debated by humankind for centuries. Beginning in earnest during the Age of Reason following the Renaissance, two distinct ways of understanding the world seemed to form. On one hand, understanding could be realized by rational thought, reason, and the applications of science. On the other, understanding could be achieved by faith in some divine presence, the application of religion. A philosophical conflict quickly developed between the t wo camps: what should reign supreme in human understanding of the world—science or religion? The debate had no clear-cut answer, and only tautological methods of prioritizing one over the other. Various ways of relating science and religion have been proposed and adopted in the past century or two. As summarized by Ian Barbour in his Religion and Science, philosophers concerned with the interaction (or lack thereof) of science and religion have been left with four broad options: Conflict, Independence, Dialogue, and Integration. The divisions proceed from fundamental ideas about how science and religion, in very general terms, operate and work in the world. Conceptions separating science and religion philosophically, arguing that they serve... ...otheses, models, experience, intuition, hypotheses, models†¦) . That the priorities of science and religion, and the pathways that each entity uses to progress, are so similar, and yet the entities themselves so separate, leads quite nicely into the dialogue position. Any consideration (investigations into the character of some object or an answer to some question) can involve both types of inquiry: "Nothing excludes the co-existence of faith and science when faith is not imaginary and science does not falsify its positive character with the use of metaphysics." Though full and harmonious integration may not be possible, a very useful, satisfying, complete dialogue between the right religious tradition and most scientific philosophies may easily produce a harmonious, complementary, synthesis to grant a better understanding of humanity and its place in the world.

Protect children Essay

All coaches have legal obligations which they need to maintain to keep professional standards. They need to be fully aware of their responsibilities. Everyone is governed by the laws that we live in, and these rules apply whether we are playing in a park or behind a local pub. In order to maintain fair play in competitive sport, coaches and performers are to keep to the rules and laws of their specific sport. There are two main areas which are common law and negligence. Sir Alex is an elite manager so he has a contract he has to keep to and he is also dealing with adults which doesn’t bring much of this into the situation, but Tony does keep to his legal obligations very well and he has always had a young side. Simple things apply to coaches conducting themselves professionally. A coach should always arrive early and allow sufficient time to set up and he/she should be fully prepared for each session. Being well prepared, clean and tidy for all coaching sessions should always be done. They should also empower athletes to take ownership and responsibility for their own development and progress. Sir Alex and Tony are superb at this type of responsibility, this can be seen in their awards history. Child protection only really applies or applied to Tony since he raised a team from an early age where was Sir Alex start working with his players at the youngest age being 16. Coaches have the responsibility to protect children from all forms of abuse. There are four main kinds of abuse which are; physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse and emotional abuse.  All coaches should hold insurance cover for the specific sport they are involved in. They also need it for their employment status. Many governing bodies may include insurance as part of their affiliation fee. Many pro coaches like Sir Alex have people organised certain things for him like training kits and boots for his players. An advantage for him is that none of his players have to pay fees where that brings extra work for people like Tony who has to sort out the kit each week, the fees. Coaches in should clarify in advance with performers (and/or employers) the number of sessions, fess (if any) and methods of payment. They should explore with performers (and/or employers) the expectation of the outcome of coaching. Written contracts may be appropriate in some circumstances. Progression of sessions will take place in any level of coaching, in Sir Alex’s sessions to Tony’s sessions. Performers will get a better understanding of skills and techniques they are learning if they are given the opportunity to see and practise how they fit into the wider context of their sport. For example, teaching young performers how to hold a discus and move across a discuss circle will have limited benefit unless they can see an end result and have a practice of throwing the discus. Allowing the performer to throw the discus will help the skill to be learnt and allow some performance based feedback to be gained. This will also achieve satisfaction and improve individual and team performance. Motivation and enjoyment is a main part of good coaching. When individuals are able to see that they are improving they will gain personal satisfaction and want to continue. A coach should structure sessions in order to allow performers to see their own improvements. Coaches should aim to structure their practises in a way that allows performers to experience some form of success and then they can gain satisfaction from their achievement. This is particularly important when coaching children so this would really apply to Tony and now really to Sir Alex because his performers are elite sportsmen. Coaches should take healthy and safety precautions with whatever type of age group they deal with and ability of players. Tony and Sir Alex always make sure that when they train everything is safe and can cause no harm to the performers. Within the limits of their control, coaches have a responsibility to ensure as for as long as possible the safety of the performers with whom they work. The activity undertaken should be suitable for the age, physical and emotional maturity, experience and ability of the performers. They must also make sure that the facilities and equipment that is going to be used it safe. All coaches make sure that their participants are never in danger of becoming injured. Tony and Sir Alex will take extra care because they cannot afford to have injured players during a season. If a coach appropriately addresses the safety issues related to the coaching venue, the equipment and the selected activities as identified above, the safety of the participant will have been addressed. However, there may be instances where the safety of the performer can become in danger is the coach does not adhere to good practice guidelines. Coaches must respect the rights, dignity and worth of ever participant. They must treat everyone equitably and sensitively within the context of their activity and ability, regardless of gender, ethnic origin, cultural background, sexual orientation, religion or political affiliation. Both coaches can be seen to give equal opportunities to performers. Sir Alex has players from all over the world and Tony has a few people from a few different continents also. Coaches always give performers opportunities to develop their range of skills. Sir Alex and Tony always give their players opportunities because they believe they can still develop themselves as players. Performers will learn best when they are able to build on their own experiences and their own skills. Coaches should always look to introduce techniques progressively and show how they are linked to previous skills whenever possible. This relates to a performers progression through the different stages of learning. If a performer learns skills in isolation he or she will never progress. With Sir Alex and Tony you will always get professionalism and you should form any coach, no matter what sort of level they coach at. Most of the time a coach is viewed as a person of authority who has a certain amount of power. It is essential that a coach knows how to use their authority and not abuse it. Coaches should always make sure that everything they do is acceptable and is in good practice. All coaches should demonstrate a professional approach to performers that is fair, honest and considerate to their individual needs. In the UK is it stressed that coaches ‘demonstrate a high degree of honesty, integrity and competence’. Good coaching practice is underpinned by the following key principles; rights – to respect and champion the rights of every participant in sport, relationships – to develop open and honest relationships with participants and responsibilities – to demonstrate appropriate behaviour and conduct and achieve a high level of co mpetence through qualifications and continued professional development.

annot bib example

annot bib example Clyde McNeillMs. BarnesEnglish 111.090715 October 2014Annotated Bibliography"Human Trafficking is real, it's in North Carolina." WRAL Investigates. Writ. Amanda Lamb. WRAL, 3 Nov. 2011. WRAL.com. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.The main topic of this article focuses on human trafficking. Human trafficking is known as the modern day slavery using mainly women. "Women, often from other countries, forced into prostitution, tortured, and held against their will in brothels" (par 1), is not just the movie you watch on Lifetime Movie Network. In reality, human trafficking is affecting more than adult woman in foreign countries, it had reached the United States. Information received from victims that survived and were bold enough to retell the details have confirm that human trafficking is spreading and rapidly. Human trafficking cases can be found in larger states such as New York or the smaller ones such as North Carolina.USAID Human Trafficking Symposium, Sept. 16, 2009 ...To assist in my paper, the a rticle gave me valuable information about human trafficking. Human trafficking was once the industry for selling adult women to be used as tools for brothels but now with the growth of technology, human trafficking is including children. "Human trafficking is one of the fastest growing criminal industries in the country" (par 2). The traffickers lure the victims with promises schooling advances, job advances or opportunities for a better life. Technology and social media sites such as Facebook, has allowed children to be lured into the hands of predators by befriending them. Once they are in a secure location, they are abducted, drugged and sold into slavery. "Cumberland County authorities charged Antoinette Davis with human trafficking after investigators said she sold her 5-year-old- daughter, Shaniya Davis into sexual servitude in 2009", stated the article.The main focal point of the article is to shine a...

Should You Get an Early Childhood Education Degree

Should You Get an Early Childhood Education Degree SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you love working with kids, an early childhood education degree might be for you. In this growing field, a bachelor’s degree in early childhood education is becoming more and more necessary to get the job you want. Read on to learn what an early childhood education degree entails, the main differences between an early childhood education associate degree and a bachelor’s degree, and whether you actually need a graduate degree in the field. We’ll also look at the seven best schools offering an early childhood education degree online. What Is an Early Childhood Education Degree? A subset of education theory, the field of early childhood education concerns specifically the education of children from birth to the age of 8, or around third grade. An early childhood education degree could be an associate, bachelor’s, or graduate degree. Its main focus is how to educate young children,with an emphasis on cultural sensitivity, child-centered practices, ethics, inclusivity, community, and family. The overall purpose of an early childhood education degree is to prepare you for a career in early childhood education, whichnormally comprises the following types of jobs: Teacher (preschool, kindergarten, or elementary school) Teacher assistant Daycare provider Childcare center worker or director Nanny Special education teacher English Language Learner (ELL) teacher Child life specialist Education consultant Be aware that for some jobs, especially teaching ones, you might be required by your state toget additional certification or licensure. Below is an overview of the median incomes, job outlooks, and typical minimum required degrees for various jobs in the field of early childhood education. Jobs are arranged from highest salary to lowest. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the average growth rate for all jobs for the years 2016-2026 is 7%, so any percentage higher than this means the job's growing faster than average. Job Title Minimum Degree Required 2017 Median Salary Job Outlook (2016-2026) Child life specialist Bachelor’s degree $60,380 7% Special education teachers Bachelor’s degree $58,980 8% Kindergarten and elementary school teachers Bachelor’s degree $56,900 7% Social workers Bachelor’s degree $47,980 16% Preschool and childcare center directors Bachelor’s degree $46,890 11% Preschool teachers Associate degree $28,990 10% Teacher assistants Some college, no degree $26,260 8% Childcare workers High school diploma $22,290 7% As you can see from this chart, there’s a clear connection between what kind of early childhood education degree one has and their salary. In general, the more advanced a degree you have, the higher the wages you’re likely to earn. Also of note is that all of the above jobs in early childhood education are seeing average or faster-than-average growth. This indicates that this field is a good one to get into since there will likely be many jobs available over the next decade. Must ... keep ... smiling ... for graduation pictures. Early Childhood Education: Associate Degree vs Bachelor's How does anearly childhood education associate degree differ from a bachelor’s degree in early childhood education? The following table presents a brief overview of the main differences between the two types of degreesin terms of the time it takes to complete each degree, what types of jobs are available to each degree holder, and what the highest median earning potential is (based on BLS data). Time to Complete Degree Options Jobs Available Earning Potential Bachelor’s degree 4 years (regular); 2-3 years (online) BA, BS, BAS, BSE Teacher (special education, kindergarten, elementary school); childcare center director; social worker; child life specialist $60,380 Associate degree 1.5-2 years AA, AS, AAS Preschool teacher; teacher assistant; nanny or other childcare worker $28,990 Since an early childhood education associate degree program is about two years shorter than a bachelor’s degree program, you’ll typically earn half as many credits doing an associate program than you would doing a bachelor's program. Although there's often lots of overlap in the courses required for associate and bachelor’s degree programs, the latter typically requires a lotmore courses that dive deeper into topics such as psychology, human growth and development, and creativity. Do You Need a Graduate Degree in Early Childhood Education? We've gone over the differences and similarities between an early childhood education associate degree and a bachelor’s degree in early childhood education. But is a master’s or doctorate in childhood education necessary for a great job? As you probably noticed with the first table, most jobs in early childhood education don’t require more than a bachelor’s degree. That said, having a master’s or doctoral degree in this or a related field can increase the job opportunities available to you by equipping you with high-level skills, practical experience, and leadership potential. This difference is reflected in wages, too. According to 2013 BLS data, preschool and kindergarten teachers who have a master’s degree can expect to earn about $13,000 more per year than those with only a bachelor’s degree. Here’s what US News says about the value of getting a master’s degree (bold emphasis mine): "Along with an increase in pay, earning a master’s degree in early childhood education can make it possible to pursue high-level occupations in the field, such as elementary school principal or instructional coordinator." So what kinds of graduate degrees in early childhood education are out there? Many, as it turns out. UM-Dearborn offers an MA in Early Childhood Education program, whose three program options are tailored toward "teachers, administrators, other service providers and educators who wish to learn how to serve young children and their families." Meanwhile, BU’s MEd in Early Childhood Education primarily targets aspiring teachers and "is recognized in the field for maintaining high standards for teacher preparation." With a doctorate (usually a PhD or EdD) in early childhood education, your job prospects will extend even further to fields such as postsecondary teaching, policy-making, and research- most of which typically come with higher salaries as well. Noteworthy doctoral programs include Columbia’s EdD in Early Childhood Education, NYU’s PhD in Teaching and Learning with a focus on Early Childhood and Childhood Education, and Vanderbilt’s PhD in Early Childhood Special Education. Ultimately, whether or not you decide to pursue a graduate degree in early childhood education will depend on the type of career you want and how much time and money you’re willing to put toward your education. Getting an Early Childhood Education Degree Online: Top 7 Schools These days, you can earn an early childhood education degree online, making it cheaper and more convenient than getting your degree the traditional way. Here, we introduce, in no particular order, the seven best schoolswhere you can earna bachelor's degree in early childhood education entirely online. University of Nebraska at Kearney The University of Nebraska at Kearney offers an online BA in Early Childhood Inclusive program. This program features not just instruction in early childhood education but also the opportunity for students to gain real work experience and a teaching endorsement. The program focuses on learning about children from birth through the age of 8. Upon completion of this online bachelor’s program, you’ll be able to teach special education to children aged 0-5 and regular education to children through the third grade. University of Massachusetts Amherst UMassOnline offers not one but two online bachelor’s degree programs in early childhood education: a BA in Children’s Learning and Development and a BA in Early Care and Education. In the former, students learn the skills they need to launch a career in education, child advocacy, administration, or youth and family programming. Studentsalso have the option to design their curriculum and bring in credits from prior coursework. The latter is more focused on career advancement within the field of early childhood education, including how to open your own childcare center. University of Cincinnati Through the University of Cincinnati’s College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, students can earn a BS in Early Childhood Education (Birth to Age 5) completely online. This program mainly prepares students to become teachers at places including preschools, public schools, and childcare centers. By completing this program and student teaching, students should be eligible for faculty recommendation for an Ohio pre-K teaching license. Cincinnati also offers an onlineAAS in Early Childhood Care and Education. This associate degree program provides students with a background in education theory, curriculum development, and early language development. University of Washington Ranked in the top 60 universities by US News, UW offers a fairly flexible online BA in Early Care and Education program. This program- originally called the BA in Early Childhood and Family Studies- is offered both full- and part-time and takes two to three years to complete. You’ll learn about innovative research and educational strategies, and acquire the skills necessary for establishing a career in various related fields, such as teaching, early childhood administration, early learning coaching, and family support. What's more, through the program’s use of the Intentional Teaching Framework, you’ll gain tons of practical experience by observing and working with real early childhood professionals. The only drawback with getting a degree online? You don't get to see the beautiful cherry blossoms on the UW campus. (Joe Mabel/Flickr) Kansas State University Approved by the Kansas State Department of Education, K-State’s online BS in Early Childhood Education program makes students eligible for licensure in early childhood unified (birth through kindergarten). Thecurriculum consists of courses in human development, teaching, family relationships, language development, and early childhood. In addition, the program boasts above-average starting salaries for graduates and a 99% pass rate on licensure exams. University of Dayton At the University of Dayton’s School of Education and Health Sciences, students can earn an online (non-licensure) BSE in Early Childhood Leadership and Advocacy. Unlike the degree programs listed above, which welcome newcomers to the childhood education field, this part-time program caters specifically to experienced early childhood professionals who wish to continue their work in advocating for children and their families. Applicants should have an associate degree in early childhood education or a related field. Courses cover adiverse array of topics, such as American education, how to educate diverse student populations, and early childhood program management. University of Missouri Through Mizzou Online, you can earn a BS in Human Development and Family Science with an emphasis in Early Childhood Education. With this program, students learn how to understand young children’s needs; create supportive, intellectually stimulating educational environments; and promote positive growth. Course topics include curricula-making, classroom environments, and child development. Conclusion: Getting an Early Childhood Education Degree Early childhood education is a growing field, so it’s important that you have the knowledge and credentials needed to get the job you want, whether that’s teaching, coaching, administration, etc. One way of getting credentials is to earn an early childhood education associate degree, which will help you get entry-level jobs and prepare you for a bachelor’s or even a master’s degree in the field should you want to expand your knowledge in the future. Another option is togeta bachelor’s degree in early childhood education.Nowadays, you can earn your early childhood education degree online without having to go anywhere, which can be super helpful if getting to a campus poses a challenge for you. Some online programs evenoffer licensure and teaching certification. There are many online early childhood education degree programs available, but we’ve narrowed down your options to give you a list of seven top schools offering an online bachelor’s degree in early childhood education. Here are the schools again, in no particular order: University of Nebraska at Kearney University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Cincinnati University of Washington Kansas State University University of Dayton University of Missouri Overall, if you want to have a career that involves teaching and helping young children, an early childhood education degree might be the best choice for you! What’s Next? Dreaming of becoming an elementary, middle, or high school teacher? Then check out our career guide to learn how you can prepare for a career in teaching while still in high school. Maybe you already have a bachelor's degree andare now considering grad school. Our expert guide can help you figure out whether amaster's degree is right for you (coming soon). Not sure what you want to study in college?Our tips can help you choose the best major for you.

Islamic style arches in generalife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic style arches in generalife - Essay Example The Generalife of Granada in Spain are the only example of Muslim architecture which gives us an rough idea of how these gardens initially, where in the Muslim spirit, in all improvised and its sensually instinctive construction, was finally carried away. The root of Islamic gardens for instance, dates back most likely to the Middle East, particularly to Persia (Curl & Curl, 2005 p., 35). The Generalife in Spain is composed of a series of huge gardens, where each corner holds a novelty or a pleasant surprise for the eyes, with less of obtrusive buildings. Many times this is considered as a true reflection of Muslim occupancy at this era of history. Uniqueness of architecture of any nation or region is more often than not related to the culture of the people and their history of civilization and Spain is not an exception. Spain as a nation has a history of invaders particularly Muslims. By the 11th century, Islamic rulers had taken over Spain, and this lasted for a period of over 800 years. Likewise, the power of unifying Christian forces made Spain lose its authority over its northern territories. The evidence is clearly reflected in the arches of Generalife and of the period that largely demonstrates a fusion of Islamic cultural traditions. The most beautiful and striking unique features in the Generalife gardens are the plants, the water with its continuous interpl ay with its sounds and light. Generalife can be considered to be one of the oldest surviving Moorish gardens. The Muslims grasped the use and design of the arch compared to any other civilisation. The unique attributes of the Islamic designs are observed all over Generalife. The gardens and were constructed when Muhammad III (1302–1309) was in power and redecorated was done shortly after by Abu I-Walid Ismail (1313–1324). Observing the Generalife keenly, one can conclude that perhaps no culture was more conversant with the design and application use of the arch more than the Muslims.

Asterios Polyp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asterios Polyp - Essay Example He says that he is incomplete because he lacks the companionship of his twin brother. The lack in his life prompt him to act in strange behaviors. His realization that he had a twin brother worsen his life as he is bothered more than bring the chapter to a close. He says ‘would he have been just like me? Better than me, worse than me’ (Mazzucchelli). These things made him fell never satisfied with all the thing that he did. Moreover, in his analysis of duality, Asterios argues that in the beginning there were three gender; female, male and a combination of male and female. The split of the third gender borne a mirror of each and created a void that love certainly seek to fill. Asterios tries to understand why people separate and the motive behind love and search for completion (Mazzucchelli). The use of narrative and visual images are so well connected in search for missing element in people’s life so as to find the pieces that will complete their lives. Through visual, the author uses the theme of unity, symmetry and geometry and explains why circumstances if life are of different shape and not a dichotomy of two symmetrical or parallel experience (Mazzucchelli). The difference of the way he represent the character is synonymous with diversity. Each character has his or her own font, color and the text bubble shapes. Furthermore, characters are demonstrated as representative of their character. Hana is such a beautiful women drawn in purples to represent adoration. On the other hand, Asterios has his head and body shaped like a machine and also in two dimension to show his views of the world. He is always questions the existence and judgment of other people. Asterios does not believe in other people’s opinions and have a counter argument for every statemen t made to him. One of the most important thing that the author did when writing the Asterios Polyp is the use

Phonology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phonology - Case Study Example And when producing pp, the lips will be stretched to produce y. The whole word is uttered in half a second. Elision: Elision is the loss of a phoneme. I.e. the omission of sounds (vowel/consonant/syllable), so that the speaker can simplify the pronunciation. This usually occurs in a fast speech and is normally unintentional. Allophone: Allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme in a particular language. I.e. it is one of the several speech sounds belonging to the same phoneme. A change in allophone does not alter the meaning, but rather makes the word sound non-native. Minimal pairs enable the linguists to build up the phoneme inventory for a language or a dialect. Though the words differ by only one segment, there may be wide variations in terms of articulation. However, most minimal pairs are considerably distinct and hardly pose inconvenience to the speaker or listener. Complementary Distribution: it is the mutually exclusive relationship between two phonetically similar segments. It exists when one segment occurs in one particular environment and the other occurring in an entirely different environment. Example: Consider the allophones [p'] and [p]. ... Example: Consider the allophones [p'] and [p]. [p'], the aspirated phoneme occurs when there is a syllable onset and is followed by a stressed vowel (as in the word put) and the unaspirated phoneme [p] occurs all other times. Here we see complementary distribution in similar phones. Every time it need not be allophones. For example,[h] and ['] are in complementary distribution, since [h] only occurs at the beginning of a syllable and ['] only at the end. Since they have hardly anything in common in phonetic terms, they are better considered as separate phonemes. Phonological conditioning and conditioning factors: Consider the words- cats, dogs, judges. The final sounds- /s/, /z/, /s/ occur after the sounds /t/, /g/ and /'/, respectively. When the distribution of the various allomorphs can be stated in terms of their phonemic environments, the allomorphs are said to be phonologically conditioned. Phonological conditioning is the most general and productive kind of conditioning of morphemic variants in languages. Phonemic overlapping: Biuniqueness: It is a principle which provides a one-to-one correspondence between phonemic and phonetic levels of analysis. A phonemic description is said to be biunique if phonemes and allophones are unambiguously mapped on to each other. Example: send and sent pronounced as /sent/ and seed and seat pronounced as /si:t/. Neutralization: phonemes that are contrastive in certain environments may not be so in all environments. In those environments where they do not contrast, the contrast is said to be neutralized. Example: consider the word sum: /s'm/. In another word, plumber: /pl'mb'/, since /m/ is followed by a plosive sound /b/, the contrast is lost. Archiphoneme: This is an abstract phonological

Natural child birth VS. Medicated child birth Essay Example for Free

Natural child birth VS. Medicated child birth Essay Abstract: Natural childbirth and medicated birth are the two options practiced all around the world by the gynecologists, these days. However there are some issues related to both the birth process. In this paper we will discuss the pros and cons of both the natural child birth and the medicated child birth. Introduction Natural childbirth: it is a natural process with minimum medical intervention, specifically the use of pain relives medications and surgical interventions (Vernon, D (2005) Medicated child birth: in this type of birth, doctor make use of pain killers and other instruments like episiotomies, forceps and ventouse deliveries and caesarean sections during the delivery process. Every woman during her delivery undergoes pain which is a normal physiological reaction. In a normal birth, pain makes the women to react against the pain by tensing and fighting it. Majority of women around the world prefers natural child births however in some cases the mother prefers to be medicated thus reliving pain. Birth pain is sudden and intense. However, with every contraction the pain gradually fades away resulting in birth of a child. (Sakala, C. , M. Corry, and H. Goer. (2004) So for a mother there are both the options available either to select natural birth or a medicated child birth. Natural child birth is a natural process and there is now side effect except the mother undergoes sever pain. However in case of medicated child birth is artificial process therefore it does have some side effects despite it’s practiced very frequently all around the world Here are some of the pros and cons of both natural and the medicated child birth: Benefits of Natural Childbirth Natural child birth is completely without any medication. Remember that medicine is a medicine and, and even the most secure medicines also have some side effects Mothers that go through natural child birth is able to move freely throughout labor and after as the new researches reveals that medicated birth makes it difficult to move during and after the birth. ( Anderson, G. , et al. (2000) In natural childbirth women feel their bodys reflex, there how they can respond better by pushing faster, as the medication does affect the reflexes thus prolonging the pushing time. (World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research. (1999) Unmediated birth is natural process and the pain during the birth is also natural that guides the mother to seek specific positions that might help the child to move easily to get into right position of delivery. In majority of cases Mothers has fast recovery after a natural childbirth since they can move freely and easily. Generally they eat immediately and their appetite is normal. In natural child birth Endorphins is secreted within placenta and umbilical cord of the mother. That secretion helps the baby to deliver easily and get adjusted to new environment comfortably. (Lieberman, E. and C. ODonoghue (2002) Naturally delivered babies are better responsive and show more interest in pre-breastfeeding behaviors such as sucking and massaging the mothers breasts, as well as the proper length of time they spend nursing during the first one and a half hour. Natural birth also increases the possibility of a healthier and fast recovery because of better hormonal balance. (Righard, L. and M. Alade. (1990). This is because a woman who has given birth with minimal intercession does not need to recover from major abdominal surgery, instrumental delivery, and cut of the perineum, any damage from IV lines, or severe stomach pain, headache backache caused by the use of medication. Natural childbirth increases the natural delivery physiology and laboring progress of healthy, well- feed women and increases interventions in the normal course of natural childbirth. Benefits of Medicated Birth Medicated Birth has a lot of benefits and is been adapted by the mothers all over the world. Some of the benefits are as follows: Women that experience a very long labor pain can benefit from using pain medication to get some relief prior to pushing stage. (Simkin, P. (1992) if the woman is finding the pain unbearable, it will definitely affect the delivery process, pain medication would definitely act as an aiding factor so that her body might not fight against the labor. (E. Jones, Pregnancy, Contraception, and Family Planning Services in Industrialized Countries (1989) similarly if the woman is experiencing some sort of fear, medication would help her by reliving her from severe pain and anxiety. However on the other hand it does have side effects depending upon person to person. Sometimes it is found that Medication has caused the baby sleepy as the anesthesia can penetrate through the placenta. (Ransjo-Arvidson A. B. , Matthiesen. (2001) Moreover pain guides the mother to adjust her position through which the child can adjust within if the child is posterior. However in case of medication the mother can not feel the pain to adjust herself thus may case certain complications in some cases. (Uvnas-Moberg, K. (1998) Conclusion Mothers have the ability to give birth naturally. Despite the women faces the pain but the pain goes away gradually. It is a fast process and has no side effects. The baby is normal and responsive. Pain medication is a great resource in very difficult and prolonged labors when the mother loses her patience to deliver the baby. In such cases epidural is very much effective. Anaesthetics may increase the likelihood of complications ( Knapp, L. (1996) We can find variety of pain killers out there in the market. If the right medicine is used I can help the delivery. Most pain killers do not take pain completely away. It makes pain bearable for the mother thus can concentrate on the birth. However in medicated birth mother always need continuous assistance all through the process.

Dominant Women in Society :: essays research papers

In the story Hunger as Ideology by Susan Bordo women are portrayed as passive and inferior to men. Bordo looks into advertisements to prove her point about how visible it is that women are how they are suppose to be dainty and quaint. In the movie â€Å"The Thomas Crown Affair† it is totally opposite; the woman in this story is independent, strong, and self-reliant. She is able to outsmart him and prove to him that she is able to survive without any help. The modern women has transformed and broken the stereotype and have made their way into society as an equal. Nowadays, advertisements depict how women should act, dress, and eat. For example in Hunger as Ideology, it show two different advertisements for Haagen-Dazs Ice cream, one with a man who just finished a half-pint smiling, the other with a woman who just took a bite from her ice cream bar. Although very discreet, the message is visible to consumers. Another example, are the sugar-free Jell-o ads, where an attractive slender woman is leaning back on a chair eating jell-o from a glass. Above the picture is a quote which says, â€Å"I’m a girl who just can’t say no. I insist on dessert†. To the side of the ad, it states, â€Å"Every woman is entitles to her just desserts. Just as long as dessert is Sugar Free Jell-O Gelatin. It’s light and fruity and fun. And it’s only calories.† This ad emphasizes on how women want dessert, but its only okay to have it if its sugar free. â€Å"The dessert you don’t have to desert† because itâ€⠄¢s sugar free. Same concept with the Wonder Light Bread, in this ad two women are side by side on a park bench one holding a carrot, the other happily smiling with a sandwich and the ad saying, â€Å" You’ll think your cheating, but you know your not†¦It’s Wonder Light bread†. These ads accentuate how its okay to eat a lot, as long as you eat â€Å"light†. Women look upon these ads and are convinced that this is how they are suppose to be, but in the Thomas Crown Affair, the message is completely opposite. Catherine Banning, is the insurance lawyer for the case against the stolen Monet painting in the â€Å"Thomas Crown Affair†. It is evident that she is a strong independent woman who needs not to rely on anyone especially a man.

Marketing Strategy for a New Company Essay -- Business and Management

Marketing Strategy for a New Company Introduction I am making a marketing strategy for a non-existing Service. The service is going to be unique and very broad in the region of car services such as garages, repair and modifying services, selling cars and parts, and even entertainment including car shows and racing once or if the company expands. The service will also include a bar or social room. The service that will use the marketing strategy will be situated in Northampton; Northampton is situated in the centre of England and has been expanded rapidly into a city. The place in Northampton will be six fields because it has large room and has a main road through it, it also had buses going to and from it. I am going to use research on other similar existing services to get ideas and recognise competition. I have chosen a business in cars because it is a popular product and is quite stable. I also found a growing trend in Car modifications and a gap in the market; especially in the Northamptonshire area where my service is going to exist. The company will be focused most in the modification market since this is where a gap is. The service will be for people in the market aged 18 + since it covers a very wide range of car services but will mainly be aimed at 18-35 males since the characteristic of modification is more popular at a younger age range of males. The prices for my service will be at a price above average than what the market is...

Marriage versus living together

Trends are showing that there is a change in the way intimate relationships are constituted throughout the world. Cohabiting, in the absence of a marriage contract has only become so common over the past few decades. This practice of living with a partner in an intimate relationship that does not involve signing a marriage contract, referred to by any of the terms consensual unions, cohabiting unions, cohabitation, or living together, is evidenced both in developed and developing countries. Mokomane (2005) notes an increase over marriage in this type of relationship (p. 57). Kenny and McLanahan also observe that, in the U. S., cohabitation has surpassed marriage as the preferred mode of intimate unions. It is useful, therefore, to understand differences between a cohabiting and a marriage relationship, in order to determine why couples are now choosing this type of union over marriage. The most apparent difference between a marriage and a cohabiting relationship is in their institutional makeup. A marriage is, by its very nature, a contractual type of relationship where both couples agree to an intimate union. A cohabiting relationship is also an agreement between two partners. The difference is that a marriage requires signing a legal document representative of the couples’ legal obligations to each other. In a cohabiting union such legality is not evident. Marriage relationships are therefore more permanent than cohabiting unions specifically because of this legality. A cohabiting couple may choose to end a relationship at any time without facing much external difficulties but a married couple has to apply for a divorce. Simply put a married couple is legally accountable for either staying together or separating while this is not so in the case of cohabiting couples. Mokomane (2005) notes a further difference in the average age of individuals who enter either union. She has observed that couples in a cohabiting relationship are usually much younger than those in a cohabiting relationship. From her research it was discovered that cohabiting men and women average 37.9 and 32.8 years respectively while their married counterparts average 51.3 and 45.6 years respectively based on the 2001 census in the U.S. (p. 63). This is suggesting that cohabiting relationships is usually the first choice relationship and later there is the transfer into a marriage union when the individual gets older. It has also been noted that married couples earn more than their cohabiting counterparts. According to Clarkberg (1999), income is usually a predictive factor for individuals to get married. She argues that, since individuals with more income seem to be the ones that enter into married unions, then a good income is probably seen as a requirement for entering into a married union. Clarkberg cites research conducted in Puerto Rico in which it was concluded that cohabiting relationships are ‘a poor man’s marriage’(p. 947). Markowski, Croake and Keller also found that cohabiting couples had more lifetime partners than married couples suggesting a higher rate of promiscuity in the former group. They establish that cohabiting couples are more likely than married couples to have had more than six sexual partners (p. 33). Finally research has found that there is a higher rate of domestic violence among couples that are cohabiting than those that are married. Even further there are also higher rates of homicide within this group (Kenny & McLanahan, 2006). In consistent cases it has been found that the rate of domestic violence among married couples is significantly less than the rate among cohabiting couples. These researchers estimate that cohabiting relationships are between two and four times more likely to involve domestic violence than married relationships. It appears therefore that, for reasons of economy and because of its perceived permanence, more persons are staying away from marriage relationships, at least in their younger days, while enjoying the privileges of an intimate living relationship with their partner. Related essay: â€Å"My Ideal Wife† Reference Clarkberg, M. (1999). The price of partnering: The role of economic well-being in young adults’ first union experiences. Social Forces, 77(3), 945-968. Kenny, C. T. & McLanahan, S. S. (2006, Feb). Why are cohabiting relationships more violent than marriages? Demography, 43(1), 127-140. Markowski, E. M., Croake, J. W. & Keller, J. F. (1978, Feb). Sexual history and present sexual behavior of cohabiting and married couples. The Journal of Sex Research, 14(1), 27-39. Mokomane, Z. (2005). A demographic and socio-economic portrait of cohabitation in Botswana. Society in Transition, 36(1), 57-73.   

Constitutional Law essays

Constitutional Law essays The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the privacy interest of citizens from unlawful governmental intrusion or unreasonable search and seizure by the government and accomplishes this by barring any evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendments protection from use at trial. THE FOURTH AMENDMENT to the U.S. Constitution reads: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." Like other amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights, it was written and ratified to protect the citizenry against overweening government, but none of those amendments is self-enforcing. Much of the debate surrounding the enforcement of the Fourth Amendment has focused on the so-called exclusionary ruleon whether it is wise or constitutionally necessary. Under that rule, evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment is ordinarily inadmissible in a criminal trial. A quick example will illustrate how the rule operates. If a policeman got a tip that a particular person was a drug dealer, the officer might launch an investigation to determine if the allegation was true. However, if he decided to break into the suspect's home without a search warrant, his effort would be for naught. Even if the officer found drugs on the kitchen table, that evidence would be useless because the suspect's attorney could demand that the trial judge bar its admission as being illegally obtained. Without that evidence, prosecutors would be unable to prove a crime had occurred. Conservatives often oppose the exclusionary rule as not grounded in the Constitution, not a deterrent to police misconduct, and not helpful in the search for truth in crimina...

Compare and Contrast the Pharisees and Sadducees Essay Example

Compare and Contrast the Pharisees and Sadducees Essay Example Compare and Contrast the Pharisees and Sadducees Paper Compare and Contrast the Pharisees and Sadducees Paper All religions over the ages have been comprised of subgroups maintaining differing beliefs, apparently these contrasting beliefs becoming more aggressive as time progresses. From church splits to outright sects, religious groups all seem to be subject to this division of beliefs, Judaism being no exception. Within Judaism over the centuries many differing beliefs have formed, discredited and accepted. This essay will compare and contrast two particular groups in the context of first century Palestine, the Pharisees and the Sadducees. The Pharisees and Sadducees in some ways can be likened to the political left / right model used in modern politics. The Pharisees being the left wing liberals, the blue collar working class citizens, among which resided some of the finest educated leaders in Judaism, whose chief occupation was teaching and leading in the context of the synagogue. The Sadducees on the other hand could be considered the right wing conservatives, the aristocratic and wealthy, made up of priests and merchants, who followed the letter of the law in its most literal interpretation, leaving no room for the current societal application of the law as did the Pharisees. There are three main sources which account for the majority of information we have about the two groups, those sources being from Josephus, a secular historian writing about 70C. E. to 100C. E. Commissioned by the Romans, his purpose being to convince the Romans that the Pharisees should have rule over the Jews. The second of the sources are the rabbinic writings, which for the most part succeed Josephus writing, and speak more of the internal affairs of Judaism. The third and final source is most obviously the New Testament from the Bible, particularly in the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles where the Pharisees and Sadducees are frequently mentioned, often conflicting with each other and Jesus. The word Pharisee derives from the Hebrew word perusim which translated means separated ones, implying the righteous and holy attitudes encompassed by their belief. The meaning of the word Sadducee is less clear, but it is commonly thought that they were named after the Priest Zadok, in the time of King David and King Solomon whom which Ezekiel declares the only true priest at the time. (Huie, B. 1997) The Pharisees were originally politically involved around 60B. C. E. but later relinquished this involvement and focused on the religious aspects of their existence. They are perhaps most well known for their zealous ambition for the Mosaic Law, and their understanding of, and abidance by it. Commonly in religious circles today, the word Pharisee is understood to mean religious hypocrite and often considered synonymous with hypocrisy. This view is perhaps misleading and not at all how they were seen and understood in first century Palestine. For most first century Palestinians, the Pharisees were seen as the most righteous and holy members of Judaism, sporting an extensive knowledge and understanding of the Torah, or Mosaic Law. They were concerned primarily with the promotion of the most holy conditions following the letter of the law to such an extent that the laws of temple worship were extended into everyday living and the home. The Pharisees, although not a large group, of around 6000 according to Josephus, were incredibly influential and well respected in Jewish circles. The Pharisees enjoyed an unequal share of the power in terms of leadership and were concerned with teaching and leading Jews in the synagogue setting. Although the Sadducees were predominantly the high priests in the temple, they, by fear of civil unrest, conformed to the customs of the Pharisees particularly in relation to ritual cleansing and purity. A defining characteristic of the Pharisees is their acceptance of and adherence to the Mishnah or the Oral Torah, an interpretive tradition passed down through generations, which was essentially an understanding of the application of the Torah in varying situations pertinent to the current direction of their society. This acceptance of the Oral Torah or Oral Law, is justified by a somewhat illusive verse in Moses writing stating put it in their mouths in regard to the law. (Johnson, P. 1988) Other particularly Pharisaic characteristics include the belief in the immortality of the soul, that the soul does not die with the body, but transcends life. This belief was recorded by Josephus in The antiquities of the Jews where he writes that souls have immortal vigor. Associated with this belief is the belief in resurrection, in angels and demons. The Pharisees avoided the widespread Greco-Roman Hellenisation around them, actively attempting to retain their own culture and customs, particularly in regards to deities and their worship. The place of Pharisees decreased rapidly after the fall of the temple, and the role of the Pharisees was transferred into that of the Rabbis in the synagogue. The Sadducees compare and contrast in various ways to that of the Pharisees. The two groups are often seen as polar, at opposite ends of the political spectrum, as mentioned earlier, in some cases this view is justified. The Sadducees, similarly, were Jews, the priestly line of Jews, often regarded as elitist and superior to other groups. They were politically inclined and actively sought to rule the Jews. The Sadducees occupied a majority of seats in the Sanhedrin, the highest court of the day, which was downgraded by Herod the Great to a religious court. The Sadducees also practiced religious piety, being solidly devoted to the Torah and its value. For the Sadducees, the written laws of Moses were the be all and end all, and the Mishnah had no place in their beliefs. They were much more legalistic than the Pharisees, and interpreted the Torah literally. Due to political pressures from the Jews, the Sadducees conformed to the customs and ways of the Pharisees, particularly in temple worship, to avoid disquiet. Another notable difference between the two groups is the Sadducees rejection of the notion of immortality of the soul, instead following the teaching of a Greek philosopher Epicurus. This Hellenistic view, of the soul dying with the body, is a classic example of the influence of the Greco-Roman culture to Judaism. Along with this view, all notions of the existence of angels and demons, and resurrection are deemed fictional. This view led to their condemnation by Jesus Christ late in his ministry, condemning their misunderstanding and lack of wisdom in regard to scripture. The Sadducees were a much smaller group and were never really accepted into mainstream Judaism, and were commonly considered a sect. With the destruction of the Temple in around 70C. E. the Sadducees practically vanished as their place of power, in the Temple, no longer existed and thus their place in society was no longer needed. While Pharisees and Sadducees share many common aspects of Judaism, there are a few defining characteristics held by each group which set them apart from the other. The primary differences between the two groups are the adherence to the Oral Torah, the belief in the immortality of the soul, and thus resurrection. Similarly the groups share a desire for control and ruler ship of the Judaic religion, spawning from a particularly strong devotion to following the Mosaic Laws. References: Cohen, Shaye J. D. , (1987) From Maccabees to the Mishnah (Philadelphia:The Westminster Press) pp.144-50 Department of Theology and Religious Studies, (2004) 2004 Coursebook -BIBS 121 Introduction to the New Testament with Exegesis. (University of Otago) pp. 37-38, 96-102. Huie, B. T. , 1997. Who Were the Pharisees and the Sadducees? (http://users. aristotle. net/~bhuie/pharsadd. htm) Accessed 17/08/04 Johnson, P. , (1998) A History of the Jews. (Perennial; Reprint edition (September 14, 1988)) pp 117-118 Josephus, F. The Antiquities of the Jews (www. ccel. org/j/josephus/works/ant-18. html) Bk18, Ch1, Section 4. Accessed 17/8/04